Policy Paradox The Art Of Political Decision Making

Amanda Thys Policy Paradox Assessment Part #2 MPA 226 May 6, 2015 amanda.thys@gmail.com This paper represents original work written by Amanda Thys. Overall Claims in Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making In Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making (Stone, 2011), the author uses two versions of the political world (the polis and the market) to highlight the paradoxes in political action while also showing the ineffectiveness of many political theoretical frameworks. Stone describes the market as being comprised of individuals who pursue their own personal welfare through their interactions with others; rationality rules in this theoretical construct and people’s decisions can be easily deduced based on what will most benefit them. In contrast to the rational model of politics outlined in the market, Stone asserts that true politics is far more complex. Voters and politicians in the polis are not always well-informed on an issue. They do not always make decisions that would be considered â€Å"rational† and most highly benefitting themselves. They have loyalties and compassion for others an d their decisions are based on a number of social interactions with other groups and individuals. For me, the biggest claim that Stone makes throughout the book is that other political models are too simplistic in describing the political environment and the human interaction that takes place within it. In chapter after chapter in the Policy ParadoxShow MoreRelatedDiminished Education : A Dimensional Analysis1437 Words   |  6 PagesDiminished Education Leads To Chronic Unemployment A Dimensional Analysis Public policy affects the lives of citizens’ every day and their pleas for policy reform is prompting political decisions-makers to reexamine how they shape policies socially, domestically and internationally. 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Why Do People Like to Communicate with Social Networks free essay sample

Social networks are very relevant nowadays. Billions of minutes per day people spend for communication with each other in the social networks, such as Facebook, My Space, Twitter and many others. They radically changed the nature of people’s communication. Social networks have motivated people to seek more and more friends; however, it is not the amount that goes into quality. Sustainable and responsible friendship between the people turned into sharing photos and writing short messages. People in social networks flaunt their lives and post only their most eloquent phrases and images. In fact, they show their pseudo personality which means they simulate the openness and transparency of their lives. Despite all the shortcomings of social networks, there are many advantages and a lot of people cannot imagine their existence without virtual communication. There are three main reasons why people like to communicate and spend a lot of time in social networks, such as group discussions and solving problems, opportunity to interact with people with the similar interests and those who are close, and availability of sheer number of people for interaction. One reason for using social media is group discussions and solving problems. Very often there are situations when people need someones advice to solve their problems. Nowadays, people do not need to think anymore whom to call for inquiring advice and to find who is competent in a particular problem. Social media is the perfect platform for discussion of a specific topic at the same time with lots of individuals. People create special online groups for discussing any issue without restrictions. For example, people may discuss what to cook for dinner or better where to go on vacation. Also, in the world there are many people who have serious illnesses and need urgent financial assistance. In social networks they have a good ability to quickly distribute requests for help. Virtual networks can be very useful and can provide real help because the more people know about the trouble the more likely to find help. In addition to group discussions and solving problems, social media give the opportunity to interact with those who have similar interests and with people who are close. One major advantage of social networks is that everyone can find people who will share similar thoughts, beliefs and attitudes. The main purpose of these networks is a group of users by interests and hobbies. Even someone with very unusual interests and hobbies can find people close to him in spirit. These sites are providing users with all the possible ways to interact with each other, such as videos, chats, pictures, music, and blogs. Every user can create his audience of friends and strangers that associate them in common interests. Also, with social networks people are closer to their friends or relatives who live far away and cannot meet each other often in the real world. They also help find old friends, forgotten loves, or even their soul mate. While some people choose social media’s communication because of the opportunity to interact with those who have similar interests and with people who are close to them, others believe that availability of sheer number of people for interaction is a more important reason. According to the Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project, social networking has grown faster and changed more than any other internet activity. Pew Research first started their research in 2005. They asked how many internet users were active in the social media. Only 8% of internet users used social media to communicate, which was only 5% of all adults. According to their research taken in 2013, 67% of adults use social networking sites. It is hard to believe that these statistics jumped just in eight years. In social networks, people can meet someone from any corner of the world where there is internet which was not possible before the advent of social networks. There are those who insist that social networks cause people to spend less time on face to face communication. Because of the social networks, people forget how to communicate face to face which is very important for human development. Also, unlike in virtual communication, through personal interaction one can easily see the mood of the interlocutor or his natural reaction to what was said. Social networks cannot substitute real life with its open arms, smiles, firm handshakes, and kisses. Nowadays, people feel more comfortable when they hide behind the internet’s wall. However, social media make it possible for socially isolated or shy people to connect with others and make friends. According to readingeagle. com, â€Å"A lot of people feel the sites are replacing face to face interaction, but they are just an addition. And for some, they are wonderful addition,† Dr. Timothy O’Boyle said. Thanks to social media they do not feel lonely, even despite all the shortcomings, social networks are the only option for them to communicate with outside world. To summarize, surprisingly the shortcomings of these services are nothing like the reverse side of their merits. So, everyone knows that social networks are a convenient platform for versatile communication. However, many are so immersed in these communications that they do not notice anything around. All day long they sit out on their favorite sites and constantly scan the pages of friends and exchange messages with them. Work and study at the same time often go by the wayside because they are much less interesting than the ability to follow the friend’s lives. In principle, the possibility of acquisition of dependence is only one minus of social networking. On elimination, their other shortcomings are actively working teams of experienced developers. Thus, the rational use of social networks will not bring to users of virtual communication anything except good.